Water Heater BTU Sizing

Estimate required water-heater input in BTU/h from target flow rate and temperature rise.

Author

Dr. Ahmed Hassan

Plumbing editorial contributor

Egyptian structural engineer trained at Cairo University and MIT, specializing in earthquake-resistant building design

Reviewed by

Prof. Zara Khan

Plumbing content reviewer

Pakistani-British education researcher at Cambridge, evaluating digital literacy programs in South Asian rural schools

Last updatedFebruary 22, 2026

PublishedFebruary 22, 2026

3 gpm at 30°F rise =

45,000 BTU/h

Representative value from the Water Heater BTU Sizing reference table.

Reference Values

Browse 48 reference values with individual detail pages for quick lookup.

Browse all reference values

Water Heater BTU Sizing Calculator

Estimate required heater input for a target hot-water flow and temperature rise.

Required Heater Input

Reference Table

Use this complete table for quick lookup and internal linking to specific value pages.

Water Heater BTU Sizing Reference
Demand ScenarioHeater InputkW Equivalent
1 gpm at 30°F rise15,000 BTU/h4.4
1 gpm at 40°F rise20,000 BTU/h5.86
1 gpm at 50°F rise25,000 BTU/h7.33
1 gpm at 60°F rise30,000 BTU/h8.79
1 gpm at 70°F rise35,000 BTU/h10.26
1 gpm at 80°F rise40,000 BTU/h11.72
1.5 gpm at 30°F rise22,500 BTU/h6.59
1.5 gpm at 40°F rise30,000 BTU/h8.79
1.5 gpm at 50°F rise37,500 BTU/h10.99
1.5 gpm at 60°F rise45,000 BTU/h13.19
1.5 gpm at 70°F rise52,500 BTU/h15.39
1.5 gpm at 80°F rise60,000 BTU/h17.58
2 gpm at 30°F rise30,000 BTU/h8.79
2 gpm at 40°F rise40,000 BTU/h11.72
2 gpm at 50°F rise50,000 BTU/h14.65
2 gpm at 60°F rise60,000 BTU/h17.58
2 gpm at 70°F rise70,000 BTU/h20.51
2 gpm at 80°F rise80,000 BTU/h23.45
2.5 gpm at 30°F rise37,500 BTU/h10.99
2.5 gpm at 40°F rise50,000 BTU/h14.65
2.5 gpm at 50°F rise62,500 BTU/h18.32
2.5 gpm at 60°F rise75,000 BTU/h21.98
2.5 gpm at 70°F rise87,500 BTU/h25.64
2.5 gpm at 80°F rise100,000 BTU/h29.31
3 gpm at 30°F rise45,000 BTU/h13.19
3 gpm at 40°F rise60,000 BTU/h17.58
3 gpm at 50°F rise75,000 BTU/h21.98
3 gpm at 60°F rise90,000 BTU/h26.38
3 gpm at 70°F rise105,000 BTU/h30.77
3 gpm at 80°F rise120,000 BTU/h35.17
4 gpm at 30°F rise60,000 BTU/h17.58
4 gpm at 40°F rise80,000 BTU/h23.45
4 gpm at 50°F rise100,000 BTU/h29.31
4 gpm at 60°F rise120,000 BTU/h35.17
4 gpm at 70°F rise140,000 BTU/h41.03
4 gpm at 80°F rise160,000 BTU/h46.89
5 gpm at 30°F rise75,000 BTU/h21.98
5 gpm at 40°F rise100,000 BTU/h29.31
5 gpm at 50°F rise125,000 BTU/h36.63
5 gpm at 60°F rise150,000 BTU/h43.96
5 gpm at 70°F rise175,000 BTU/h51.29
5 gpm at 80°F rise200,000 BTU/h58.61
6 gpm at 30°F rise90,000 BTU/h26.38
6 gpm at 40°F rise120,000 BTU/h35.17
6 gpm at 50°F rise150,000 BTU/h43.96
6 gpm at 60°F rise180,000 BTU/h52.75
6 gpm at 70°F rise210,000 BTU/h61.54
6 gpm at 80°F rise240,000 BTU/h70.34

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about Water Heater BTU Sizing, formulas, and typical use cases.

How do you calculate water-heater BTU/h requirement?

A common estimate is BTU/h = 500 × flow (gpm) × temperature rise (°F).

Why include heater efficiency?

Input capacity must be higher than delivered heat when efficiency is below 100%, so efficiency adjusts required BTU/h input.

What is temperature rise in this context?

Temperature rise is the difference between desired outlet water temperature and incoming cold-water temperature.

Is this enough for final equipment selection?

Use this for preliminary sizing; final selection should also consider peak demand profile, recovery, storage, and manufacturer data.

Methodology and Review

This page combines a live calculator, precomputed reference values, and FAQ content from the same conversion definition to reduce mismatch between calculator output and lookup tables.

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For compliance-sensitive work, verify final values against project requirements, governing standards, and manufacturer documentation.